Interlingua For Beginners

 We will discuss about Pronoun in authoritative Interlingua Table of Pronouns Numeral | Subject | Direct/Indirect Object | Reflexive | Pre-Possesive | Post-Possesive | Prepositional -> 1. (I) | io | me | me | mi | mie | con me 2. (You) | tu | te | te | ti | tie | con tie 3. (He/she/it) | ille/a/o | le/a/o | se | su | sue | con ille/a/o 4. (We) | nos | nos | nos | nostre | nostre | con nos 5. (You all) | vos | vos | vos | vostre | vostre | con vos 6. (They) | ille/a/o | les/as/os | se | lor | lore 7. (One) | On/uno | uno | uno/se | - | de uno | con uno Note: 1) Direct and Indirect Objects have the same form of pronoun. 2) Pre-possesives are before the nouns. These ones are the most used. 3) Prepositional means they are used with prepositions. 4) You can use ipse (itself, etc.) for all non reflexive pronoun sometimes. 5) Ille/Illa are only for real sexes of animate beings. Illo is for inanimate being (no sexes at all). Illes can be for mixed males and females group. 6) Specific ge...

 We will discuss the construction of Auxiloary Verb and Non. Auxiliary Verb + Non This form means the negative one is the next verb. Because, non always precede the modified verb. Example: io pote non visitar le 'It's okay for me / it is within my ability, not to visit him' (other meanings: I can choose or it is possible for me not to...) Non + Auxiliary This form means the negative one is the auxiliary verb. 'Non' precedes the auxiliary and becomes its modifier. Example: io non pote visitar le 'I cannot visit him' (or: it is not possible for me to...) io non pote mangiar lo 'I cannot eat it' Note: Be careful that Non is a pre-modifier unlike in English.

 We will discuss about adverbs in authoritative Interlingua. Non Derivational Adverbs They are the adverbs that are not made by using affixes or modifying the adjectives or other vocabulary. They are also called Primary Adverbs. They generally only consist of words that must be learned. Examples: nunc 'now,'  minus 'less,'  plus  'more,'  hic 'here,'  ibi 'there,'  aliquanto 'somewhat,'  semper 'always,'  Other forms of irregularity that we need to learn: bon 'good': ben  'well' melior 'better' (adj.) : melio 'better' (adv.) pejor  'worse' (adj.) : pejo 'worse' (adv.) mal 'bad': mal 'badly' Derivational Adverbs Derivational Adverbs are the adverbs derived normally frok adjectives. We use adjectives + -mente to make the adverbs. We use -amente for adjectives with -C ending. All almost all adverbs have this form (-mente) as their alternatives. So this is the basic form...

 We will discuss about Adjectives according to authoritative Interlingua grammar. Points : 1. Preface for Adjectives 2. No nominal agreement for the adjectives 33. The placement of adjectives 34. Comparative adj 35. Comparative prepositions 36. Absolute superlative 7. Special comparative vocab (irregulars) 38. Le + adj 39. Adjective as subject/object 40. Adjective vs Noun pairs by final syllable difference 41. Adjective with final syllables other than O/A 42. Preface to adjectival formation General View Adjectives are usually have the ending -E or consonants. They are noy inflected according to the gender or number of the noun they modify. They works like in English. Example: Le parve flore es belle 'The little flower is beautiful' (Le) parve flores es belle '(The) little flowers are beautiful' (Le) briliante femina es belle '(The) smart woman is beautiful' (Le) briliante homines es belle '(The) smart men are handsome' Le parve libro es belle 'The li...

 We will discuss about Nouns in authoritative Interlingua. General View on Nouns Nouns can end in -o/a/e or consonants. Nouns have no grammatical genders. It means, the endings do not affect anything grammatically like in English. Example: Tabula 'table' Flore 'flower' Uso 'use, usage' Real genders or sexes Real genders or sexes of living beings can be in masculine -o and feminine -a. This only implies the real sexes and have no implications grammatically. It works as in English (lion, lioness, actor, actress, etc.). Example: Asino 'male donkey' Asina 'female donkey' Italiano 'male Italian' Italiana 'female Italian' Plural Forms The plural form is generally end with -S for vowel endings, -ES for consonant endings, and -CHES for C ending to make it hard C. Examples: Tabulas 'tables' Flores 'flowers' Usos 'usages, uses' Irregular plurals occur only in " guest words" . which have retained their forei...

We will discuss about grammatical Articles and their use. Points : 1. Definite Le 2. The use of Le 3. Indefinite Un 4. The use of Un 5. Plural forms 6. Article + possesives / adjectives 7. Prepositional Del and Al 9. Pronominal usage of articles Definite Article All purpose = Le Authoritative Interlingua has nouns ended with -o/a/e or consonants. But, these endings carry no genders. That's why, there is no gender separations for definite article. There is no plural separations as well. One article for all purpose like in English. It means, the only informational carrier of plurality is the noun itself. Examples: le patre 'the father' le matre 'the mother' le infante 'the child' le patres 'the fathers' le matres 'the mothers' le infantes 'the children' The use of Definite Article To specify the nouns io ama flores 'I like flowers' (general) ubi pote io trovar flores? 'where can I find flowers?' (general) io ama le flore...

 So, these are the list of authoritative Interlingua Grammar points. This one is from IALA. The grammar is the simple one and close to English. The link will be updated eventually. The Outline or Summary: 1. The Verbs are not conjugated based on the Subjects. Conjugation only happens based on the tenses. Hence, the Subjects may not be omitted and carry the information. 2) Nouns do not have any genders. But, the ending O/A/E or consonants are spread all around without carrying gender conotation. Only living beings can have masculine/feminine genders based the sexes and expressed by O/A ending. 3. Articles and Adjectives do not inflect based on nominal genders or plurality. 4. Imperative and Subjunctive forms are exactly the same. Even the same with the Present tense. Only Sia is the Subjunctive form of to Be. 5. Participles are used as adjectives like in English. 6. Infinitives are used as to verb and nominal gerund (action and activity). IMPORTANT POINTS a. Articles b. Noun c. Adje...

 PREFACIA Salutes totes! This blog is made to help those who are still beginners in Interlingua to understand Interlingua better. Interlingua is a Romance based language that is a conlang with English as its primary control and Russian as its secondary. It is a language based on International vocabulary mostly Latinate (also exist in English and other languages), terminological Greek, and Romance roots. It is meant to be easily understood by people especially those who are exposed to many Latinate vocabulary. The grammar in authoritative Interlingua based on IALA works is simplified. It has no verbal conjugations, simple grammatical articles, and no gender or numeral agreement for adjectives. The grammar will be discussed in details. But, it is more or less closer to English with some exceptions and not as complex as Romance languages. The other grammars that are closed to Romance languages also present. The versions are called Interlingua Classica and Interlingua Conjugata. Interl...