Interlingua For Beginners

This is the list of Grammatical Words according to authoritative Interlingua grammar. For the beginners, usually the standard Latinate style words are recommended. Consistency will help you avoid confusion until you have learned for some months. Grammatical Words A = 1) to, 2) at Ab prep. = 1) since [time], 2) from [place] Ali(c)- = any-, some- Alias = otherwise, in another manner; alias; at another time Alibi = elsewhere, somewhere else alicubi = somewhere; anywhere alicun = some, any; a few; alicun cosa = something, anything alicuno = someone/body; anyone/body aliquando = sometime; at any time aliquanto: somewhat, to some degree alique (pron): something, anything alique X (adv): somewhat X alora: then; in that case, consequently alto: top > in alto: up; upwards; upstairs; on top ambe: adj both; ambes: pron both an: interrogative particle; conj  whether X an il habe le libro?: has he the book? ancora: adv still, yet; interj encore anque: also, too; anq...

We will learn about Numbers Interlingua (IALA). Cardinal Numbers The simple CARDINAL NUMERALS are: 0 zero 1 un 10 dece 2 duo 20 vinti 3 tres 30 trenta 4 quatro 40 quaranta 5 cinque 50 cinquanta 6 sex 60 sexanta 7 septe 70 septanta 8 octo 80 octanta 9 nove 90 novanta Note: From cinquanta on the tens are regularly derived from the ones by means of the suffix -anta. 100 cento 1,000 mille 1,000,000 million 1,000,000,000 milliardo 1,000,000,000,000 billion 1,000,000,000,000,000 billiardo 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 trillion 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 trilliardo 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 quatrillion 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 quatrilliardo 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 quintillion 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 quintilliardo Note: From 1,000,0005 on, the higher powers of a million are formed regularly by means of the suffix -illion added to the stem of the multiplicative corresponding to the exponent. The numeral representing a thousand times a...

 We will discuss about Verbs in autnhoritative grammar. Infinitives Gerundial Nouns Gerundial nouns or nominal infinitives are infinitives that function as nouns that signify activities. This is equivalent of English gerundial noun in functions.6 Example: le venir del estate 'the coming of summer' Pensar es existir 'Thinking is existing' le susurrar del motor 'the droning of the motor' Iste viagiar de un pais al altere es fatigante 'This traveling from one country to another is fatiguing' le ir e venir del clientes... 'the coming and going of customers' Le faceres del formicas es interessante a observar 'The doings of ants are interesting to watch' Prepositional + gerundial noun form like in English such as by, without, for, of, before + sewing is also done with nominal infinitive: Illes le condemnava sin audir su defensa 'They condemned him without listening to his defense' Per rumper le osso on potera forsan rectificar su gamba...

 We will discuss about Pronoun in authoritative Interlingua Table of Pronouns Numeral | Subject | Direct/Indirect Object | Reflexive | Pre-Possesive | Post-Possesive | Prepositional -> 1. (I) | io | me | me | mi | mie | con me 2. (You) | tu | te | te | ti | tie | con tie 3. (He/she/it) | ille/a/o | le/a/o | se | su | sue | con ille/a/o 4. (We) | nos | nos | nos | nostre | nostre | con nos 5. (You all) | vos | vos | vos | vostre | vostre | con vos 6. (They) | ille/a/o | les/as/os | se | lor | lore 7. (One) | On/uno | uno | uno/se | - | de uno | con uno Note: 1) Direct and Indirect Objects have the same form of pronoun. 2) Pre-possesives are before the nouns. These ones are the most used. 3) Prepositional means they are used with prepositions. 4) You can use ipse (itself, etc.) for all non reflexive pronoun sometimes. 5) Ille/Illa are only for real sexes of animate beings. Illo is for inanimate being (no sexes at all). Illes can be for mixed males and females group. 6) Specific ge...

 We will discuss the construction of Auxiloary Verb and Non. Auxiliary Verb + Non This form means the negative one is the next verb. Because, non always precede the modified verb. Example: io pote non visitar le 'It's okay for me / it is within my ability, not to visit him' (other meanings: I can choose or it is possible for me not to...) Non + Auxiliary This form means the negative one is the auxiliary verb. 'Non' precedes the auxiliary and becomes its modifier. Example: io non pote visitar le 'I cannot visit him' (or: it is not possible for me to...) io non pote mangiar lo 'I cannot eat it' Note: Be careful that Non is a pre-modifier unlike in English.

 We will discuss about adverbs in authoritative Interlingua. Non Derivational Adverbs They are the adverbs that are not made by using affixes or modifying the adjectives or other vocabulary. They are also called Primary Adverbs. They generally only consist of words that must be learned. Examples: nunc 'now,'  minus 'less,'  plus  'more,'  hic 'here,'  ibi 'there,'  aliquanto 'somewhat,'  semper 'always,'  Other forms of irregularity that we need to learn: bon 'good': ben  'well' melior 'better' (adj.) : melio 'better' (adv.) pejor  'worse' (adj.) : pejo 'worse' (adv.) mal 'bad': mal 'badly' Derivational Adverbs Derivational Adverbs are the adverbs derived normally frok adjectives. We use adjectives + -mente to make the adverbs. We use -amente for adjectives with -C ending. All almost all adverbs have this form (-mente) as their alternatives. So this is the basic form...

 We will discuss about Adjectives according to authoritative Interlingua grammar. Points : 1. Preface for Adjectives 2. No nominal agreement for the adjectives 33. The placement of adjectives 34. Comparative adj 35. Comparative prepositions 36. Absolute superlative 7. Special comparative vocab (irregulars) 38. Le + adj 39. Adjective as subject/object 40. Adjective vs Noun pairs by final syllable difference 41. Adjective with final syllables other than O/A 42. Preface to adjectival formation General View Adjectives are usually have the ending -E or consonants. They are noy inflected according to the gender or number of the noun they modify. They works like in English. Example: Le parve flore es belle 'The little flower is beautiful' (Le) parve flores es belle '(The) little flowers are beautiful' (Le) briliante femina es belle '(The) smart woman is beautiful' (Le) briliante homines es belle '(The) smart men are handsome' Le parve libro es belle 'The li...

 We will discuss about Nouns in authoritative Interlingua. General View on Nouns Nouns can end in -o/a/e or consonants. Nouns have no grammatical genders. It means, the endings do not affect anything grammatically like in English. Example: Tabula 'table' Flore 'flower' Uso 'use, usage' Real genders or sexes Real genders or sexes of living beings can be in masculine -o and feminine -a. This only implies the real sexes and have no implications grammatically. It works as in English (lion, lioness, actor, actress, etc.). Example: Asino 'male donkey' Asina 'female donkey' Italiano 'male Italian' Italiana 'female Italian' Plural Forms The plural form is generally end with -S for vowel endings, -ES for consonant endings, and -CHES for C ending to make it hard C. Examples: Tabulas 'tables' Flores 'flowers' Usos 'usages, uses' Irregular plurals occur only in " guest words" . which have retained their forei...

We will discuss about grammatical Articles and their use. Points : 1. Definite Le 2. The use of Le 3. Indefinite Un 4. The use of Un 5. Plural forms 6. Article + possesives / adjectives 7. Prepositional Del and Al 9. Pronominal usage of articles Definite Article All purpose = Le Authoritative Interlingua has nouns ended with -o/a/e or consonants. But, these endings carry no genders. That's why, there is no gender separations for definite article. There is no plural separations as well. One article for all purpose like in English. It means, the only informational carrier of plurality is the noun itself. Examples: le patre 'the father' le matre 'the mother' le infante 'the child' le patres 'the fathers' le matres 'the mothers' le infantes 'the children' The use of Definite Article To specify the nouns io ama flores 'I like flowers' (general) ubi pote io trovar flores? 'where can I find flowers?' (general) io ama le flore...