Grammatical Words - IALA

This is the list of Grammatical Words according to authoritative Interlingua grammar.

For the beginners, usually the standard Latinate style words are recommended. Consistency will help you avoid confusion until you have learned for some months.

Grammatical Words

A = 1) to, 2) at

Ab prep. = 1) since [time], 2) from [place]

Ali(c)- = any-, some-

Alias = otherwise, in another manner; alias; at another time

Alibi = elsewhere, somewhere else

alicubi = somewhere; anywhere

alicun = some, any; a few;

alicun cosa = something, anything

alicuno = someone/body; anyone/body

aliquando = sometime; at any time

aliquanto: somewhat, to some degree

alique (pron): something, anything

alique X (adv): somewhat X

alora: then; in that case, consequently

alto: top

> in alto: up; upwards; upstairs; on top

ambe: adj both;

ambes: pron both

an: interrogative particle; conj  whether X

an il habe le libro?: has he the book?

ancora: adv still, yet; interj encore

anque: also, too;

anque io: me too

non solo ... ma anque: not only ... but also

ante X (prep): before, in front of; earlier (time) than; above X

ante (adv): before, ahead; earlier; forward

ante que: before

ante-heri: day before yesterday

a pena: hardly, scarcely

apud: near, with, at, by

assatis: adv enough; rather, fairly, quite

assi: thus, so

assi ... como: as ... as

avante: before, in front, ahead; forward

basso: bottom

> a basso: down, downward

> in basso: down, below, downward; downstairs

bastante X (adj): enough, sufficient X

bastante (adv): enough, sufficiently

ben que: although

bis: twice; encore

cata: adj each;

cata uno: each (one)

causa: cause

a causa de: because of

certo: certainly

circa: around, about; approximately

como: how; as, like;

= quomodo

como si: as though, as if

comocunque: however, in whatever way

con: with, together with; by means of

= cum

concernente: concerning

contra X (prep): opposite, facing; against X

contra (adv): opposite, facing; on the contrary

cuje: whose

-cunque: -ever

de: 1) from, since; 2) of, belonging to; 3) made of; 4) with, by means of

de (+ inf): to

deman: tomorrow

deman X: tomorrow X

depost (adv): afterwards, later

depost X (prep): after, since X

depost que X: since, from the time that X

desde: prep since, from

= ab

dum: while, as long as; until; provided that, if only

dunque: therefore

durante: during

durante que: while, whilst

e: and; e ... e: both ... and

ecce: lo!, see!, behold!; here is, here are

ergo: therefore, accordingly, consequently, then, ergo

esque: interr part

> esque ille ha le libro?: has he the book?

et cetera, etc.: and so forth, and so on, et cetera, etc.

etiam: also, likewise, too; even, even yet, yet;

non solmente ... sed etiam: not only... but also

ex: out of, from

excepte: except, excepting

extra (adv): without, on the outside; besides, in addition, extra;

extra X (prep): 1) outside of (place), without, beyond; 2) except, excepting; 3) besides, in addition to X

foras (adv): out of doors, outside, out; from without

foras X (prep): beyond, except X

> foras de: outside of, without

> foras de se: beside oneself

forsan: perhaps, maybe

gratis (exp): gratis, free of charge

haber (aux): to have

> il ha: there is, there are

heri: yesterday

hic: here

> de hic a (un hora): (an hour) from now

> usque (a) hic: up to here, thus far; up to now, hitherto;

> hic juncte: herewith

hodie: today

ibi: there

ibidem: in the same place; ibidem ibid.,; Ib.

idem: the same (thing); idem; id.

igitur: adv/conj then, therefore, thereupon

illac: there

in: in, into

infra (adv): below, underneath, beneath

infra (prep): below, under, beneath

insimul: together

inter: between, among

interim: meanwhile, in the meantime

intertanto: meanwhile, in the meantime

intra: adv/prep within

intro: inwardly, internally, on the inside, in

ipse: myself, yourself, himself, etc.

> hodie ipse: this very day

iste: this, the latter

ita: thus, so; just so, yes; and so, consequent]y; accordingly

jam: already, at once, right away; just now, a moment ago; indeed, surely

> non... jam: no longer

jammais: ever, at any time

> non... jammais: never

> jammais!: never!

justo: just, exactly

> justo nunc, justo ora: just now, right now

juxta (adv): near, near by

juxta X (prep): near, near to, next to X

lo que: that which, what

loco: place

> in loco de: instead of

> in su loco: instead

longe: far; away, far away

> de longe: from afar, from a distance

lontan: distant, far-off

ma: but

= sed

non solo ... ma anque: not only... but also

malgrado: in spite of

maniera: manner, way

> de maniera que: so that

melio: adv better

> tanto melio: so much the better

melior: adj better

> le melior: the best

mesme: same X; myself, yourself, himself, etc. (as in "the king himself")

mesmo adv: likewise; even

> hodie mesmo exp: this very day

> ora mesmo exp: right now

minus: less; minus

> a minus que: unless

> al minus: at least

> totos minus X: all but him X

> le minus: the least

multo: very; much

nam: for

nemo: no one, nobody

ni: neither, nor, also not

nihil, nil: nothing

nimie: adj too much, too many

nimis: adv too, too much

no: adj, no

non: not; no

> si non: if not; except, unless it be

nondum: not yet

nonne: interr part is it not?

> il es ver, nonne?: it is true, isn't it?

nonobstante X (prep): despite, in spite of X

nonobstante (adv): nevertheless

nulle: adj not any, no; null, worthless, without legal force

nullemente: in no way, not at all

nunc: now

nunquam: never

nusquam: nowhere

o: or

o ... o: either ... or

olim: once, formerly; at a future time, sometime (in the future)

omne: adj all; each, every

> de omne mano: from every hand

> de omne latere: from every side

> in omne caso: in any case

omne cosa: everything

omnes: pron all

on: one

ora: now

= nunc

parte: part

> a parte: apart, aside

> in parte: in part

> del parte de: on the part of

> de parte a parte: through and through

> in nulle parte: nowhere

passato: ago

pauc: adj little, not much; few

un pauc (de): a little

pauc a pauc: little by little

in pauc: shortly, before long

pauco: adv little

per: through; during, throughout; by, through, by means of; per

perque: adv/conj why; because

plus: more; plus

> le plus: the most

> de plus: furthermore, besides

> de plus in plus: more and more

> in plus: further more, in addition, also

> al plus: at best

plus o minus: more or less

non ... plus: no more; no longer

pois: adv afterwards, thereafter; conj for

= post

> pois que: since, as, because

post (adv): behind, back, backwards; afterwards, after

post X (prep): behind; after X

> post que: since, because

postea: afterwards, thereafter

postquam: conj after; as soon as

potius: rather; sooner

presso: adv/prep near, close

a presso de: at the home of; in care of; with, among

presto: presto, quickly, quick as a wink

preter (adj): past, beyond

preter (prep): past, along, alongside of; beyond; except, excepting; in addition to

pridem: long ago

pro: for, in favor of; in exchange for, in place of

pro (+ inf): (in order) to

proque: adv/conj why; because

qual: which; what

> le qual: which; that; who

qualcunque: any, whatever

quando: adv/conj when

quandocunque: whenever

quante: add how much, how many

quanto: adv as much as; as far as

quanto ... tanto: the ... the

> quanto a: as for

quare: wherefore, why

quasi: almost, nearly; in a certain sense, in a way

> quasi que: as if

que (interr pron): what

que (rel pron): who, whom, which, that

qui: who, whom

> de qui: whose

= cuje

quia: because, for

quicunque: whoever, whomever, whosoever

quo (adv): whither, where; wherefore

quo (conj): so that, in order that

re: about, concerning

retro: back, backwards; ago

> a retro: backwards

salvo: save, but, but for

salvo que: save that, but that

satis: enough; rather, somewhat

> esser satis: to be enough

> haber satis: to have enough

> satis de (tempore, etc.): enough (time, etc.)

secundo: prep (following) after; along, by; according to

secundo que: according as

sed: but

semper: always

si (adv): thus, so; yes

si ... como: as... as

si (conj): if; whether

si non: if not; except, unless it be

sia ... sia: be (it) ... or be (it); whether ... or

qual que sia exp: whatever, whatsoever

sin X: prep without X

sol X: adj sole, alone, only X

> viver sol: to live alone

> sentir se sol: to feel lonesome, lonely

solo: adv only, merely

non solo ... ma anque: not only... but also

sub: prep under, below, beneath

subinde: immediately after, just after, forthwith; repeatedly, frequently, often, from time to time

subito: suddenly, unexpectedly

subtus: adv below, beneath, underneath

super (prep): on, upon; on top of; over, above; about, concerning, on

super (adv): above, on top

super toto: above all

supra (prep): above, over

supra (adv): on the top, above

sur: on, upon; on top of

tal: such, such a

tal e tal: such and such

talmente: adv so

> un libro talmente belle: so beautiful a book, such a beautiful book

tamen: yet, however, nevertheless, not withstanding

tante: adj so much, so many

tante per cento: so much per hundred, percent age

tante ... como: as much, as many... as

tanto: adv, so, so much

tanto ... como: as much... as

in tanto que: in as much as

tanto plus ... que: all the more... that

quanto ... tanto: the... the

tarde: adj, late

> plus tarde: later; later on

> al plus tarde: at the latest

tosto: presently, soon, promptly

plus tosto: rather, sooner

si tosto que: as soon as

tote: adj all; every, each

tote le (homines): all (men)

totos: all, everyone

> de tote (le) corde: wholeheartedly

tote (le) duo: both

totevia: yet, still, nevertheless

toto: n all, everything

> le toto: the whole

> super toto: above all

> ante toto: before all

> post toto: after all

> del toto: at all

> in toto: entirely, wholly, in toto

toto: adv all, quite, wholly

trans: across, over, beyond, on the farther side of

troppo: too, too much

> troppo (de) (libros, etc.): too many (books, etc.)

> troppo (de) (aqua, etc.): too much (water, etc.)

> de troppo: superfluous, in the way, de trop

tunc: then

ubi (adv): where

ubi (conj): where; when; as soon as; wherewith; in which

> a ubi: where, whither; 

> de ubi: from where, whence

ubicunque: wherever

ubique: everywhere; anywhere, wheresoever, wherever

ultra (adv): on the other side, beyond, farther

ultra X (prep): on the farther side of; beyond, past; besides X

ultra illo conj: besides, moreover

ultra que: aside from the fact that

un: a, an

> le un le altere: one another, each other

> le unes le alteres: one another, each other

uno: indef pron one

unquam: ever, at any time

usquam: somewhere

usque prep (all the way) to, up to; till, until

> usque nunc: up to now

verso: towards, to

via (adv): away; off

via!: go away!, begone!

via (prep): by way of, via

vice: turn, stead; time (as in "three times")

alicun vices: sometimes

> un vice: once; on one occasion; formerly

> un vice que: once, once that

> in vice de: instead of; a vices: at times

altere vice: a second time

plure vices: several times, repeatedly

viste: considering; viste que considering that

voluntarie: willingly, readily, gladly, with pleasure

ya: adv indeed, certainly, of course

ya (io lo crede): (I) do (believe it)