Interlingua For Beginners

Interlingua Classica's grammar overview is as below. Nouns : 1) Have two genders and three cases. Pronouns 1) Have two genders and five cases Adjectives : 1) In agreement with nominal cases and genders.  2) For genitival adjectives only genders. Verbs : 1) Generally has all English tenses and aspects. Including progressive. 2) Only differentiate between plural and singular with obligatory pronouns. 3) Have gerund. Used like in English like active participle in progressive aspect (tense). 4) Verbal activity gerund is replaced with infinitive. 5) Conditional is like English with some details. 6) Subjunctive is like English. 7) Subjunctive tenses will be in agreement with the indicative ones in a same sentence. Adverbs : 1) Have singular and plural forms. Numbers: 1) In agreement with nominal cases and genders Linguistic and verbal expressions: 1) Can be translated as is from English.

 We will discuss about Verbs in autnhoritative grammar. Infinitives Gerundial Nouns Gerundial nouns or nominal infinitives are infinitives that function as nouns that signify activities. This is equivalent of English gerundial noun in functions.6 Example: le venir del estate 'the coming of summer' Pensar es existir 'Thinking is existing' le susurrar del motor 'the droning of the motor' Iste viagiar de un pais al altere es fatigante 'This traveling from one country to another is fatiguing' le ir e venir del clientes... 'the coming and going of customers' Le faceres del formicas es interessante a observar 'The doings of ants are interesting to watch' Prepositional + gerundial noun form like in English such as by, without, for, of, before + sewing is also done with nominal infinitive: Illes le condemnava sin audir su defensa 'They condemned him without listening to his defense' Per rumper le osso on potera forsan rectificar su gamba...

 The vowels and consonants of Interlingua Classica: Vowels Monophthongs No. Orthography IPA Note 1 a /a/ Like a in English diphthong ou (about) 2 i y (Greek loanword) /i/ Like English short ee 3 u /u/ Like English short oo 4 e /e/ Like English short eh 5 o /o/ Like English short oh [ɪ, ʊ, ɛ, ɔ] can optionally be used as allophones for [i, u, e, o] especially before nasals in closed syllables. Diphthongs No. Orthography IPA Note 1 æ /e/ Not actually a diphthong 2 au /aw/ ...

 We will discuss about Pronoun in authoritative Interlingua Table of Pronouns Numeral | Subject | Direct/Indirect Object | Reflexive | Pre-Possesive | Post-Possesive | Prepositional -> 1. (I) | io | me | me | mi | mie | con me 2. (You) | tu | te | te | ti | tie | con tie 3. (He/she/it) | ille/a/o | le/a/o | se | su | sue | con ille/a/o 4. (We) | nos | nos | nos | nostre | nostre | con nos 5. (You all) | vos | vos | vos | vostre | vostre | con vos 6. (They) | ille/a/o | les/as/os | se | lor | lore 7. (One) | On/uno | uno | uno/se | - | de uno | con uno Note: 1) Direct and Indirect Objects have the same form of pronoun. 2) Pre-possesives are before the nouns. These ones are the most used. 3) Prepositional means they are used with prepositions. 4) You can use ipse (itself, etc.) for all non reflexive pronoun sometimes. 5) Ille/Illa are only for real sexes of animate beings. Illo is for inanimate being (no sexes at all). Illes can be for mixed males and females group. 6) Specific ge...

 We will discuss the construction of Auxiloary Verb and Non. Auxiliary Verb + Non This form means the negative one is the next verb. Because, non always precede the modified verb. Example: io pote non visitar le 'It's okay for me / it is within my ability, not to visit him' (other meanings: I can choose or it is possible for me not to...) Non + Auxiliary This form means the negative one is the auxiliary verb. 'Non' precedes the auxiliary and becomes its modifier. Example: io non pote visitar le 'I cannot visit him' (or: it is not possible for me to...) io non pote mangiar lo 'I cannot eat it' Note: Be careful that Non is a pre-modifier unlike in English.

 We will discuss about adverbs in authoritative Interlingua. Non Derivational Adverbs They are the adverbs that are not made by using affixes or modifying the adjectives or other vocabulary. They are also called Primary Adverbs. They generally only consist of words that must be learned. Examples: nunc 'now,'  minus 'less,'  plus  'more,'  hic 'here,'  ibi 'there,'  aliquanto 'somewhat,'  semper 'always,'  Other forms of irregularity that we need to learn: bon 'good': ben  'well' melior 'better' (adj.) : melio 'better' (adv.) pejor  'worse' (adj.) : pejo 'worse' (adv.) mal 'bad': mal 'badly' Derivational Adverbs Derivational Adverbs are the adverbs derived normally frok adjectives. We use adjectives + -mente to make the adverbs. We use -amente for adjectives with -C ending. All almost all adverbs have this form (-mente) as their alternatives. So this is the basic form...

 We will discuss about Adjectives according to authoritative Interlingua grammar. Points : 1. Preface for Adjectives 2. No nominal agreement for the adjectives 33. The placement of adjectives 34. Comparative adj 35. Comparative prepositions 36. Absolute superlative 7. Special comparative vocab (irregulars) 38. Le + adj 39. Adjective as subject/object 40. Adjective vs Noun pairs by final syllable difference 41. Adjective with final syllables other than O/A 42. Preface to adjectival formation General View Adjectives are usually have the ending -E or consonants. They are noy inflected according to the gender or number of the noun they modify. They works like in English. Example: Le parve flore es belle 'The little flower is beautiful' (Le) parve flores es belle '(The) little flowers are beautiful' (Le) briliante femina es belle '(The) smart woman is beautiful' (Le) briliante homines es belle '(The) smart men are handsome' Le parve libro es belle 'The li...