Adverbs - IAC

 We will discuss about adverbs in Interlingua Classica.

Singular and Plural Forms

Adverbs have both singular and plural forms in agreement with the verb.

Examples:

Illo parla felicy

"He talks happily"

Illos parlan felicys

"They talk happily"

Non Derivational Adverbs

They are the adverbs that are not made by using affixes or modifying the adjectives or other vocabulary. They are also called Primary Adverbs. They generally only consist of words that must be learned.

Examples:

nunc 'now,' 

minus 'less,' 

plus  'more,' 

hic 'here,' 

ibi 'there,' 

aliquanto 'somewhat,' 

semper 'always,' 

Other forms of irregularity that we need to learn:

bono 'good': ben  'well'

melioro 'better' (adj.) : melio 'better' (adv.)

pejoro  'worse' (adj.) : pejo 'worse' (adv.)

malo 'bad': mal 'badly'

Derivational Adverbs

Derivational Adverbs are the adverbs derived normally from adjectives. We use adjectives + -y to make the adverbs. 

Example:

naturalo / naturala : naturaly

'natural: naturally'

evidento/a: evidenty

'evident: evidently'

remarcabilo/a: remarcabily

'remarkable: remarkably'

photographico/a : photographicy

'photographic: photographically'

Adverbial Phases

They are phrases that work as adverbs. You can call them Phrasal adverbs as well especially when they are more fixed and placed in dictionary instead of random phrases. Adverbial phrases with clausal length usually will be followed by a comma and sometimes started with Quando (when).

Example:

in summa 'in short'

de nove 'again'

de tempore in tempore 'from time to time'

Comparatives

Adverbs use comparatives exactly as the adjevtives. We add plus (more) and le plus (the most) for positive comparison. And we add (minus) or le minus (the least) for negative comparison.

Interessanty -> plus interessanty -> le plus interessanty

(interestingly, more interestingly, most interestingly)

Francy <- minus francy <- le minus francy

(frankly, less frankly, least frankly)

To say "the more..., the more...", we use Quando and plus.

Quando il es parlato plus interessanty, il es plus belly.

'the more it is said interestingly, the more it is beautiful'

Absolute Comparatives

We use adjective + -issimy for this form. It is the adverbial counterpart of the adjective one.

Example:

Bellissimy 'most beautifully'

Interessantissimemente 'most interestingly'

The Placement of Adverbs

The placement of adverbs coincides in principle with English usage in general. The adverb normally precedes what it modifies. It is set off by initial or final position in the sentence or by commas when it is to modify the statement as a whole (adverbial phrase).

Example:

Illo es extremy felico

'He is extremely happy'

Quando le tempesta arrivava, illos essevan felicys reunito circa lo foco

'When the storm arrived, they were happily assembled about the fire'

Felicys illos essevan al domo quando la tempesta arrivava

'Luckily they were at home when the storm arrived'

Etiam tu!

'You too!'